川西民居与徽州民居街巷空间比较研究

该文选取四川省峨眉山市罗目古镇与安徽省黄山市郭村作为研究对象,基于测绘数据对民居街巷空间进行比较分析,川西民居街巷空间注重内外空间的渗透,尺度亲切,形成活跃的商业氛围。徽州民居街巷空间与水系结合紧密,街巷界面相对封闭,与其居住功能相适应,整体空间静谧单纯。两者特点的形成并非早期移民文化对当地文化单向的冲击,而是在自然环境、生产生活方式、审美品味与社会伦理等地域性因素影响下,与本土文化有机融合的结果。     

Model development in scientific discovery learning with a computer-based physics task

Based on theories of scientific discovery learning (SDL) and conceptual change, this study explores students' preconceptions in the domain of torques in physics and the development of these conceptions while learning with a computer-based SDL task. As a framework we used a three-space theory of SDL and focused on model space, which is supposed to contain the current conceptualization/model of the learning domain, and on its change through hypothesis testing and experimenting. Three questions were addressed: (1) What are students' preconceptions of torques before learning about this domain? To do this a multiple-choice test for assessing students' models of torques was developed and given to secondary school students (N = 47) who learned about torques using computer simulations. (2) How do students' models of torques develop during SDL? Working with simulations led to replacement of some misconceptions with physically correct conceptions. (3) Are there differential patterns of model development and if so, how do they relate to students’ use of the simulations? By analyzing individual differences in model development, we found that an intensive use of the simulations was associated with the acquisition of correct conceptions. Thus, the three-space theory provided a useful framework for understanding conceptual change in SDL.     

First and second order dynamics in a hierarchical SOM system for action recognition

Human recognition of the actions of other humans is very efficient and is based on patterns of movements. Our theoretical starting point is that the dynamics of the joint movements is important to action categorization. On the basis of this theory, we present a novel action recognition system that employs a hierarchy of Self-Organizing Maps together with a custom supervised neural network that learns to categorize actions. The system preprocesses the input from a Kinect like 3D camera to exploit the information not only about joint positions, but also their first and second order dynamics. We evaluate our system in two experiments with publicly available datasets, and compare its performance to the performance with less sophisticated preprocessing of the input. The results show that including the dynamics of the actions improves the performance. We also apply an attention mechanism that focuses on the parts of the body that are the most involved in performing the actions.     

Thermal conditioning for urban outdoor spaces through the use of evaporative wind towers

The aim of this paper is to study the thermal comfort levels achieved in open spaces by means of evaporative wind towers. These systems have been installed in an urban area characterized by its hot and dry summer climate. Conventional wind tower designs for enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces have been adapted for this new installation. These systems are usually composed of a few number of wind towers, this one however is composed by a group of sixteen, increasing the total dimensions of the installation. To integrate this construction into the urban public area, it was built in a circular arrangement, creating an activity and meeting point for pedestrians. This passive system was monitored during the summer of 2008. Measurements of temperature, solar radiation, humidity and wind speed were analyzed. During the analyzed period, the average cooling efficiency of the system varied from 38% at the exit of the tower, to 32% at 1 m high. At this last position, the average exceeds the wet bulb temperature up to 8 °C with an increase of moisture around 27%. The shading effect produced by the global installation itself has been modeled theoretically to evaluate the incident solar radiation at the pedestrian area. Two indices have been applied to predict the perception of heat and cold in the south pedestrian zone: Heat index and TS index. In this position, both variables approached the thermal sensation to the comfort levels by the use of these passive strategies when ambient conditions are hot and dry.     

医院环境空间心理需求与管理创新

从医院环境空间、心理需求和管理创新三个方面出发,分析了空间环境对病人生理、心理和行为的影响,指出医院公共空间的设置应契合使用者对医院总体空间的使用需求,从而提高医疗建筑的质量,实现以人为本的理念。     

Implicit Riquier Bases for PDAE and their semi-discretizations

Complicated nonlinear systems of pde with constraints (called pdae) arise frequently in applications. Missing constraints arising by prolongation (differentiation) of the pdae need to be determined to consistently initialize and stabilize their numerical solution. In this article we review a fast prolongation method, a development of (explicit) symbolic Riquier Bases, suitable for such numerical applications. Our symbolic-numeric method to determine Riquier Bases in implicit form, without the unstable eliminations of the exact approaches, applies to square systems which are dominated by pure derivatives in one of the independent variables.     

Topological entropy of continuous transitive maps on the real line

The topological entropy of a continuous transitive map f : ? → ? is studied. We find lower bounds for the topological entropy of f and prove that transitive real maps can have finite entropy.     

Choice of a pertinent color space for color texture characterization using parametric spectral analysis

This article presents a comparison of different color spaces including RGB, IHLS and L?a*b* for color texture characterization. This comparison is based on the fusion of the independent spatial structure and color feature cues. In IHLS and L*a*b*, two channel complex color images are created from the luminance and the chrominance values. For such images, two dimensional complex multichannel linear prediction models are used to perform parametric power spectrum estimation and the structure feature cues are computed from this estimated power spectrum. Quantitative comparison of auto spectra of luminance and combined chrominance channels for different color spaces is done. This comparison is based on the degree of decorrelation between luminance and chrominance information provided by different color space transformations. Three dimensional histograms are used as color feature cues. Then, to classify color textures, Kullback-Leibler divergence based symmetric distance measures are calculated for pure color, luminance structure and chrominance structure feature cues. Individual as well as combined effect of information from all feature cues on classification results is then compared for different color spaces and different color texture data sets. The proposed color texture classification method performs better than the state of the art methods in certain cases. The L*a*b* color space gives us a better characterization of the chrominance spatial structure as well as the overall spatial structure for all of the chosen data sets. Experimental results on pixel classification of color textures are also presented and discussed.